Facial recognition by cloud-based APIs following surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate whether the facial soft tissue changes of individuals who had undergone surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) would be detected by three different well-known facial biometric recognition applications. METHODS: To calculate similarity scores, the pre- and postsurgical photographs of 22 patients who had undergone SARME treatment were examined using three prominent cloud computing-based facial recognition application programming interfaces (APIs): AWS Rekognition (Amazon Web Services, Seattle, WA, USA), Microsoft Azure Cognitive (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA), and Face++ (Megvii, Beijing, China). The pre- and post-SARME photographs of the patients (relaxed, smiling, profile, and semiprofile) were used to calculate similarity scores using the APIs. Friedman's two-way analysis of variance and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare the similarity scores obtained from the photographs of the different aspects of the face before and after surgery using the different programs. The relationship between measurements on lateral and posteroanterior cephalograms and the similarity scores was evaluated using the Spearman rank correlation. RESULTS: The similarity scores were found to be lower with the Face++ program. When looking at the photo types, it was observed that the similarity scores were higher in the smiling photos. A statistically significant difference in the similarity scores (P < 0.05) was found between the relaxed and smiling photographs using the different programs. The correlation between the cephalometric and posteroanterior measurements and the similarity scores was not significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: SARME treatment caused a significant change in the similarity scores calculated with the help of three different facial recognition programs. The highest similarity scores were found in the smiling photographs, whereas the lowest scores were found in the profile photographs.

Removal of amoxicillin via chromatographic monolithic columns: comparison between batch and continuous fixed bed.

This study presented a hydrophobic interaction-based poly(HEMA-MATrp) monolithic chromatographic column (MCC) to remove amoxicillin from aqueous solutions. In addition to their porous structure, monolithic-filled columns offer superior properties without loss of performance, which is one of the points that make them unique. The specific surface area of the monolithic column synthesized by the bulk polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and N-Methacryloyl-L-tryptophan. Also, poly(HEMA-MATrp) MCC has been characterized via FTIR, SEM, and elemental analysis. According to BET analysis, the specific surface area of the poly(HEMA-MATrp) monolithic chromatographic column (MCC) is 14.2 mg/g. The adsorption and desorption of amoxicillin in an aqueous solution were investigated comparatively in both continuous fixed bed and batch adsorption. The highest adsorption value of amoxicillin was determined at pH 7 in the presence of PBS as 62.11 mg/g. The appropriate adsorption isotherm for the adsorption of amoxicillin was Langmuir, and the reaction kinetics was pseudo-second-order. No significant loss was observed for the adsorption capacity of poly(HEMA-MATrp) MCC after the 5 cycles of adsorption-desorption studies. Also, the loss for the adsorption capacity of the monolithic column is just %5.2 after 6-month storage, proving the reusability and storability of the monolithic column.

A Compact Modified Two-Arm Rectangular Spiral Implantable Antenna Design for ISM Band Biosensing Applications.

This paper presents a new microstrip implantable antenna (MIA) design based on the two-arm rectangular spiral (TARS) element for ISM band (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical 2.4-2.48 GHz) biotelemetric sensing applications. In the antenna design, the radiating element consists of a two-arm rectangular spiral placed on a ground-supported dielectric layer with a permittivity of ϵr = 10.2 and a metallic line surrounding this spiral. Considering the practical implementation, in the proposed TARS-MIA, a superstrate of the same material is used to prevent contact between the tissue and the metallic radiator element. The TARS-MIA has a compact size of 10 × 10 × 2.56 mm3 and is excited by a 50 Ω coaxial feed line. The impedance bandwidth of the TARS-MIA is from 2.39 to 2.51 GHz considering a 50 Ω system, and has a directional radiation pattern with directivity of 3.18 dBi. Numerical analysis of the proposed microstrip antenna design is carried out in an environment with dielectric properties of rat skin (Cole-Cole model ϵf (ω), ρ = 1050 kg/m3) via CST Microwave Studio. The proposed TARS-MIA is fabricated using Rogers 3210 laminate with dielectric permittivity of ϵr = 10.2. The in vitro input reflection coefficient measurements are realized in a rat skin-mimicking liquid reported in the literature. It is observed that the in vitro measurement and simulation results are compatible, except for some inconsistencies due to manufacturing and material tolerances. The novelty of this paper is that the proposed antenna has a unique two-armed square spiral geometry along with a compact size. Moreover, an important contribution of the paper is the consideration of the radiation performance of the proposed antenna design in a realistic homogeneous 3D rat model. Ultimately, the proposed TARS-MIA may be a good alternative for ISM-band biosensing operations with its miniature size and acceptable radiation performance compared to its counterparts.

Face comparison analysis of patients with orthognathic surgery treatment using cloud computing-based face recognition application programming interfaces.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate whether the postoperative change in patients after orthognathic surgery, whose facial aesthetics was affected, led to detectable differences using Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services Rekognition, and Face++, which were commercially available face recognition systems. METHODS: Photographs of 35 patients after orthognathic surgery were analyzed using 3 well-known cloud computing-based facial recognition application programming interfaces to compute similarity scores between preoperative and postoperative photographs. The preoperative, relaxed, smiling, profile, and semiprofile photographs of the patients were compared separately to validate the relevant application programming interfaces. Patient characteristics and type of surgery were recorded for statistical analysis. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum tests were performed to analyze the relationship between patient characteristics and similarity scores. Multiple-comparison Wilcoxon rank sum tests were performed on the statistically significant characteristics. RESULTS: The similarity scores in the Face++ program were lower than those in the Microsoft Azure and Amazon Web Services Rekognition. In addition, the similarity scores were higher in smiling photographs. A statistically significant difference was found in similarity scores between relaxed and smiling photographs according to different programs (P <0.05). For all 3 facial recognition programs, comparable similarity scores were found in all photographs taken before and after surgery across sex, type of surgery, and type of surgical approach. The type of surgery and surgical approach, sex, and amount of surgical movement did not significantly affect similarity scores in any facial recognition programs (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The similarity scores between the photographs before and after orthognathic surgery were high, suggesting that the software algorithms might value measurements on the basis of upper-face landmarks more than lower-face measurements.

Efficient green photocatalyst of silver-based palladium nanoparticles for methyle orange photodegradation, investigation of lipid peroxidation inhibition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity.

Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary study that has been developing worldwide in recent years and has a serious impact on human life. The fact that the nanoparticles of plant origin are clean, non-toxic, and biocompatible has enabled new fields of study. The Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa) plant has been attracted by scientists because of its impact on health and many other areas. The lipid peroxidation inhibiting activity, antioxidant properties, and antimicrobial properties of H. sabdariffa plant with Ag-Pd metal was ditermined. For the total phenolic component, gallic acid was used as the standard and quarcetin was used for the total flavonoid. The lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of Ag-Pd NPs in ethanol extract was found to be very well compared to the positive control (BHA). The lowest and highest concentrations of DPPH radical scavenging activity were 82.178-97.357%, whereas for BHA these values were found to be 84.142-94.142%. The highest concentration of Ag-Pd NPs at 200 µg/mL the DPPH radical quenching activity was higher than BHA. Ag-Pd NPs showed a good antimicrobial activity against certain pathogenic microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, which are the causative agents of various diseases in humans. The photodegradation activity of Ag-Pd NPs also investigated against Methyl orange dye (MO) under sunlight irradiation for 120 min and was found to be as 67.88.

Effect of Closure of Anterior Abdominal Wall Layers on Early Postoperative Findings at Cesarean Section: A Prospective Cross-sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of closure types of the anterior abdominal wall layers in cesarean section (CS) surgery on early postoperative findings. METHODS: The present study was designed as a prospective cross-sectional study and was conducted at a university hospital between October 2018 and February 2019. A total of 180 patients who underwent CS for various reasons were enrolled in the study. Each patient was randomly assigned to one of three groups: Both parietal peritoneum and rectus abdominis muscle left open (group 1), parietal peritoneum closure only (group 2), and closure of the parietal peritoneum and reapproximation of rectus muscle (group 3). All patients were compared in terms of postoperative pain scores (while lying down and during mobilization), analgesia requirement, and return of bowel motility. RESULTS: The postoperative pain scores were similar at the 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 18th hours while lying down. During mobilization, the postoperative pain scores at 6 and 12 hours were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 3. Diclofenac use was significantly higher in patients in group 1 than in those in group 2. Meperidine requirements were similar among the groups. There was no difference between the groups' first flatus and stool passage times. CONCLUSION: In the group with only parietal peritoneum closure, the pain scores at the 6th and 12th hours were higher. Rectus abdominis muscle reapproximations were found not to increase the pain score. The closure of the anterior abdominal wall had no effect on the return of bowel motility.

Type 1 neurofibromatosis complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension: A case report.

Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in the NF1 gene, which encodes the tumor suppressor neurofibromin. Precapillary pulmonary hypertension is a severe complication of NF1, initially described in patients with advanced parenchymal lung disease, which may complicate the course of NF1. Presently described is a case of neurofibromatosis complicated by pulmonary hypertension.

Efficacy comparison of oral rosuvastatin versus oral progesterone and bevacizumab on regression of surgically endometriotic implants in rats.

This study hypothesizes that oral rosuvastatin, oral dienogest and intraperitoneal bevacizumab might improve endometriosis in randomly selected female Wistar albino rats with surgically endometriotic implants. Thirty female Wistar albino rats with surgically endometriotic implants were randomized into three treatment groups: oral rosuvastatin (20 mg kg/day; oral rosuvastatin group 1; n = 10), oral progesterone (dienogest group 2; n = 10) and intraperitoneal bevacizumab (2.5 mg/kg of single intraperitoneal injection of bevacizumab; bevacizumab group 3; n = 10), for 10 days. Post-treatment variables were compared. The oral rosuvastatin group showed higher reduction for the glandular epithelium and uterine vessels of histopathological scores values than the oral progesterone group (both, p < 0.017, respectively). The median glandular epithelium and uterine vessels and histopathological scores values did not show a statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 3 (p > 0.017). Endometrial thickness values and uterine volume values were more significantly reduced in the oral rosuvastatin group than the oral progesterone group (both, p < 0.017, respectively). Moreover, endometrial thickness and uterine volume values were not different in groups wecompared with group 3 (p > 0.017). In conclusion, oral rosuvastatin and intraperitoneal injection of bevacizumab may cause more significant regression of surgically endometriotic implants in rats than oral progesterone medications.

Management of intra-abdominally translocated contraceptive devices, is surgery the only way to treat this problem?

This study was a multi-centre retrospective review of patients with uterine perforation caused by intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs). A total of 15 patients were registered, in a seven year period. Among them, five were asymptomatic and the rest were symptomatic. Asymptomatic patients were managed conservatively, except in one case in which the patient requested surgery because she also wanted a tubal ligation. Symptomatic patients all underwent surgery. All the surgeries were elective and all the surgical procedures were initiated laparoscopically. There were seven complications in the surgically managed group: conversion to laparotomy (n = 3), bowel injury (n = 2), bladder injury (n = 1), and wound infection (n = 1). Mild and severe adhesions (81.8%), and abscess (18.1%) formation related to translocated IUD (TIUD) were observed during surgery. All the patients were uneventful at 1 to 5 years of follow-up. A TIUD, by causing adhesions, complicates future laparoscopic surgery and increases the likelihood of conversion to laparotomy. While surgery is indicated to prevent TIUD-induced adhesive complications, it may also be the cause of both adhesions and complications, resulting in a vicious cycle. Some asymptomatic women, especially elderly patients with comorbidities, may not need or may be better managed without treatment. Impact statement In this study we try to find an answer for the question of "Should removal of a translocated intrauterine contraceptive device (TIUD) routinely be performed even if patients are asymptomatic?" From only the theoretical point of view there were some reports supporting conservative management in asymptomatic patients. The other studies addressing this issue were case reports including few patients with a short-term follow-up. The novelties of the present study include multi-centre design, detailed clinical and surgical information about the patients and the long period of follow-up. Most clinicians have limited experiences in managing TIUD because perforation is a rare event. So it can be difficult to know exactly what the surgeon will encounter intraoperatively. We undertook this study with the aim of providing a perspective about patients with TIUD for those faced with this situation. This is a descriptive study reporting 15 cases of TIUDs and management. Asymptomatic patients were managed conservatively, and symptomatic patients were operated. There are important implications resulting from this study that in asymptomatic patients leaving the IUD in place may be a reasonable option, mostly as the risk of surgical intervention is quite high with a high rate of complications with surgical management.

Does lymphadenectomy have influence on postoperative body fluid distribution?

OBJECTIVE: We compared the fluid volume parameters in women undergoing gynaecological surgery for benign and malignant conditions before and after surgery using bioelectrical impedance vectors. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 181 patients were enrolled. In all, 89 patients had surgery for benign conditions and 92 patients underwent oncological procedures, including lymph node dissection, for malignant diseases. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameters were measured on the day of hospitalisation before any treatment and at 24h and 1 month after the surgical intervention. The BIA parameters measured included extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), and total body water (TBW). RESULTS: TBW increased significantly 1 month after surgery in all cases (p<0,05 in both group). ECW was significantly higher (p<0.05) and ICW was significantly lower (p<0,05) in the malignant group than the benign group. CONCLUSION: Radical gynaecological surgeries, including lymph node dissection, have a greater effect on body water distribution than surgeries performed for benign conditions.

Can the suburethral mesh angle be used to predict trans-obturator tape results?

ABSRACT: PURPOSE: The primary aim of our study was to evaluate mesh movement on ultrasonography and to compare the relationship between suburethral mesh angle and incontinence recurrence. METHODS: This study was carried out at the University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey, Beyhekim State Hospital, Konya, Turkey and the Mus State Hospital between September 2012 and January 2015. In total, the results from 109 patients were evaluated in the statistical analysis. The suburethral mesh angle (SMA) is the angle between the two arms of the trans-obturator tape (TOT) mesh under the urethra. This angle was measured at 10 days, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. Potential risk factors for incontinence recurrence and SMA were compared in logistic regression models. The best cut-off value for SMA was calculated to predict incontinence recurrence. RESULTS: The mean resting SMA did not change with time during follow-up (p = 0.373). However, when comparing coughing SMA values, the first day measurement was significantly different from the other measurements. Another comparison was performed according to the cSMA value at each visit. The difference was significant from the first day. Lung disease and the change in the SMA (cSMA) on day 10 were significant predictors of treatment failure. The cSMA on day 10 to predict first-year treatment failure was 10°, with 61% sensitivity and 96% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of the SMA can be used as a prognostic factor in TOT surgery. Further research is required to determine the importance of SMA as a prognostic factor.

Sleep quality of endometrial cancer survivors and the effect of treatments.

OBJECTIVE: Sleep disorders affect 54.9% of gynaecologic cancer survivors. The effect of treatment methods on sleep quality is not clear. This study evaluated the sleep quality of survivors of endometrial cancer and compared the effects of different treatments on sleep quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were categorised as surgery (group 1), surgery + brachytherapy (BRT) (group 2), surgery + external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) (group 3), and surgery + EBRT + BRT + chemotherapy (group 4). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. The PSQI was completed by the participants before surgery, 1, 3, and 6 months after each treatment was completed. The PSQI scores were compared between the different measurement times and different study groups. RESULTS: This study enrolled 114 patients with a mean age of 58.1±11 years. The number of participants in each group was 53 (46.5%), 14 (12.3%), 12 (10.5%), and 35 (30.7%), respectively. At baseline, 28 (24.6%) patients reported poor sleep quality. The mean PSQI score reached the maximum level at the second measurement and decreased slightly during follow-up and the change in the PSQI score was significant (p=0.001). Group 3 and group 4 had significantly higher scores from baseline (p<0.008). At time point 3, the differences between the groups were significant. At time point 4, the most prominent effect of treatment on sleep quality was observed in patients with combined chemo-radiotherapy when compared with the other study groups. CONCLUSION: Most survivors of endometrial cancer are affected by poor sleep quality during their treatment. To improve these patients' quality of life, this disorder must be considered at each visit and tailored care plans should be developed to meet the women's needs. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term results of sleep quality on patients with endometrial cancer.

Urethral Coitus in a Case of Vaginal Agenesis - Is Only Vaginoplasty Enough to Treat the Urinary Problems?

Urethral coitus is an extremely rare condition. Megalourethra and urinary incontinence due to urethral coitus in vaginal agenesis are unusual manifestations because these patients usually present with primary amenorrhea before becoming sexually active and receive treatment. A 24-year-old woman came to our clinic because of primary amenorrhea, sexual dysfunction, dyspareunia, megalourethra and urinary incontinence five months after her marriage due to urethral coitus. Based on these clinical and radiological findings a diagnosis of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome was made and patient underwent modified McIndoe Vaginoplasty. The elasticity of female urethra permits repeated coitus, together with the physical damage can probably lead to incontinence. In this case, after eliminating the underlying cause of disease with vaginoplasty, no other treatment was required. The integrity of sphincteric function and structural support of urethra might be regained without subjecting the patient to aggressive reconstructive surgical procedures.

Sexual functioning before and after vaginal hysterectomy to treat pelvic organ prolapse and the effects of vaginal cuff closure techniques: a prospective randomised study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sexual function in women before and after vaginal hysterectomy (VH) and to compare the effects of horizontal and vertical vaginal cuff closure on sexual function. STUDY DESIGN: Women with uterine prolapse of stage 2 or higher were included to this prospective, randomized study. All patients underwent VH with McCall Culdoplasty and patients were randomized into two groups in terms of the vaginal cuff closure technique employed which is either vertically (group 1, right to left) or horizontally (group 2, anterior to posterior). Pelvic Organ Prolapse Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire-12 Short Form was used to assess sexual function before and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 78 women participated, 37 in group 1 and 41 in group 2. Significant improvements in were thus evident in both groups 1 (p=0.000) and 2 (p=0.000) after surgery; no significant between-group differences were evident. Overall, 61 women (78,2%) had improved PISQ-12 scores postoperatively, 11 (14,1%) scored the same pre- and post-operatively, and 6 (7,9%) scored lower postoperatively. Women who reported poorer sexual function postoperatively, or no improvement, had new-onset or worsening dyspareunia and/or incontinence. CONCLUSION: Most women with uterine prolapse of stage 2 or higher who underwent VH with prolapse repair experienced improved sexual lives postoperatively, regardless of the cuff closure technique used. Although VH to treat POP improves anatomical and sexual concerns, surgery per se may have negative effects on sexual function if new-onset or worsening dyspareunia or incontinence develop.

Comparison of the Efficiency of Posterior Intravaginal Sling (PIVS) Procedure in Older and Younger Groups.

INTRODUCTION: Vaginal vault prolapsus is a challenging problem for the patients and physicians. There may be differences between young and elderly patients in terms of efficiency and safety of surgical procedures. AIM: The aim of our study was to compare the efficiency of the Posterior Intravaginal Sling (PIVS) procedure in older versus younger patient groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 patients who underwent the PIVS procedure were chosen. Twenty of these patients were younger than 60 years of age (Group I) while the other 20 patients were 60 years of age or older (Group II). Preoperative Pelvic Organ Prolapsed Quantification (POP-Q) reference points were compared with postoperative data at the first year following surgery. Student's t-test was used to analyse continuous variables and the χ(2) test was used to analyse categorical data. The Mann-Whitney test was used for data that were not normally distributed. RESULTS: Anatomical cure rates were 90 percent in both groups (p=1.00). There were significantly greater improvements in POP-Q points in group I than group II. CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that PIVS as minimally invasive procedure for vaginal vault prolapsed and is effective in all age groups.

Diagnostic Value of Visual Examination of Cervical Polypoid Lesions and Predictors of Misdiagnosis.

OBJECTIVES: This study reviews occasions when cervical polyps removed in an outpatient setting proved not to be cervical polyps histologically. We aimed to identify any anatomical and/or clinical characteristics that predict 'incorrect diagnosis" in general practice. METHODS: A retrospective study of consecutive 345 patients who were initially diagnosed with cervical polyps based on a routine gynecological examination in an outpatient setting was included. After histopathological examination, the patients were divided into 2 groups: those with cervical (correct diagnosis, n = 307) and falsely diagnosed with cervical polyps (FDP, n = 38). These 2 groups were compared in terms of age, signs and symptoms, and size of the polypoid lesions. RESULTS: The initial clinical diagnosis was correct in 307, giving a positive predictive value of 89%. There were no significant difference between the groups with respect to age of patients (p = 0.59) and the size of the lesions (p = 0.42). According to our study, among misdiagnosed patients, nabothian cysts and cervicitis were the most common histological findings; FDPs were more often symptomatic (p < 0.001) and coexisted more frequently with inflammation or ulceration (p < 0.001). All FDPs were developing within the endocervical canal. There were no instances of FDPs that arise from ectocervix. Symptomatic polypoids have a higher risk of preliminary misdiagnosis (OR = 13.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.0-55.1). CONCLUSIONS: All cervical polypoid lesions must be sent to pathology because visual diagnosis is not sufficiently accurate to direct patient care.

Primary Ovarian Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumour: A Case Report and Brief Review of Literature.

Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumour of the Ovary (OMMMT), also referred to as carcinosarcoma is a very rare tumour accounting for less than 1% of all ovarian cancers. Due to the rarity of OMMMT, little is known about the disease course and outcome of women with these tumours. It is important to evaluate because of its aggressive behaviour with extremely unfavourable prognosis. These tumours are composed of both malignant epithelial and mesenchymal elements. Current data in the literature is still limited to small case series and case reports, therefore, its optimal treatment is somewhat controversial. In the current report, we introduce a case of OMMMT which was successfully treated with Platinum-based combination chemotherapy after optimal cytoreductive surgery. The clinical manifestations, pathologic characteristics, diagnosis and management of these tumours are reviewed here. Although the most effective treatment is currently unknown, optimal cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy appears to improve the outcomes. Despite the aggressive nature of this tumour and its poor response to the treatment, management works best when cancer is found early. The stage of the disease is the most important prognostic factor. Therefore, the crucial question is how to diagnose the cancer at earlier stages rather than seeking the optimal treatment.